No single country is cheapest for everyone. Costs depend on tuition, living expenses, and whether programs teach in English.
Germany is a strong option. Most public universities charge no general tuition, even for international students. You still pay living costs and a small semester fee.
Other low-cost options include Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Tuition is modest and daily life costs less than in Western Europe. France and Italy also keep public university fees low, though Paris and Milan are pricey to live in.
Nordic countries now charge tuition for non-EU students, so check current fees before assuming they are free.
Compare total cost, not just tuition. A country with free tuition but high rent can cost more than one with low fees and cheap housing. Also check visa rules, since some countries limit student work hours.
Start with study abroad programs in Europe and the benefits of studying abroad. Compare costs with Oxford tuition as a high-end example, and read ways to save on tuition.

